new technologies | In Principle

New regulations and interpretations will soon have an impact on equity- and debt-based crowdfunding business models.

The Act of 29 August 2014 Amending the Corporate Income Tax Act, the Personal Income Tax Act and Certain Other Acts went into force on 1 January 2015.

Amendments to the Higher Education Law went into effect on 1 October 2014. Among a number of major modifications to the existing operating model for Polish universities, there are new rules for commercialisation of results of research and development and related knowhow.

Over the next few months, a legal regime may come into existence in Poland for providing new types of toll collection and settlement services.

The Act of 28 November 2014 Amending the Payment Services Act went into force on 29 January 2015. The act introduced major changes for all participants in the payment instruments market in Poland, including a statu¬tory reduction in interchange fees and addition¬al obligations for acquirers and payment card organisations.

To figure out Santa’s secrets, there are modern high-tech devices that might come in handy. But what does the law allow?

Operators of crowdfunding platforms must consider numerous potentially applicable regulations, governing such matters as electronic services, payment services, money laundering, securities trading, foreign exchange and banking.

“The internet clinch: How much freedom? How much control?” will be the theme for a debate on 2 October between representatives of cyber corporations, the media and the third sector about the benefits and threats of the internet. The event is part of the European Forum for New Ideas in Sopot and is organised by Wardyński & Partners.

The process of creating virtual currencies depends on the model used for the currency. In some instances it is a centralised process, where it is easy to identify the entity responsible for creation of the currency. In other cases, it is a decentralised process, in which various—often anonymous—users of the decentralised system may be involved in creation of the currency.

The “War of Tanks” case reveals certain dangers in the “freemium” model for startups.

One of the possible applications of the Bitcoin protocol is smart contracts—legal relationships created, monitored and enforced automatically using the Bitcoin protocol.

A dispute over the documentation to the medicine Esbriet shows how much controversy is stirred up by the disclosure of registration documents for medicines to third parties. How to balance the interests of innovative pharmaceutical companies, manufacturers of cheaper generics, and doctors who seek full knowledge of the safety and efficacy of the drugs they prescribe?